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HLD Learn/Observability & Operating at Scale
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SLIs, SLOs & Error Budgets

5 min read

You'll learn to

  • -Compute an error budget from an SLO

SLI, SLO, SLA

  • -SLI (Service Level Indicator): the actual measured number, e.g. "99.87% of requests succeeded last month."
  • -SLO (Service Level Objective): the internal target you're designing and operating toward, e.g. "99.9% success rate."
  • -SLA (Service Level Agreement): an external, often contractual promise with real consequences (refunds, penalties) if missed.

Error Budgets

If your SLO is 99.9% uptime, you have an explicit budget of about 43.8 minutes of allowed downtime per month. Instead of treating every second of downtime as an unplanned failure, teams spend that budget deliberately (on risky deployments, on experiments, on maintenance windows) and only slow down shipping once the budget for the month is exhausted.

This reframes reliability as a resource you allocate, not an absolute you chase. 100% uptime isn't just unrealistic: deliberately pursuing it means you'd never be able to ship anything new.

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